The CDPP plasma physics data centre specializes in natural plasmas in the solar system and was created in 1998. Its mission is to maintain the record of natural plasma physics data and make it available to the national and international scientific community. These data are stored at CNES’s IT centre in Toulouse.

CDS (Centre de Données de Strasbourg), the longest-running of all the data centres, has been compiling astronomy data since 1972. It maintains a database of all known astronomical objects (stars, quasars, galaxies, etc.). In 2022, it celebrated its 50^th anniversary. Its SIMBAD astronomy library contains more than 400,000 bibliographic references relating to more than 30 million objects. CDS thus provides instant access to all existing data on astronomical objects, as well as search, correlation, data mining and image-processing tools.

MEDOC (Multi Experiment Data & Operations Centre) is the French space solar physics data centre. Its mission is to maintain a record of solar physics data and make them available to the national and international scientific community. In this capacity, it records science data from experiments with a French contribution and provides them to research scientists.

Data Terra is a research infrastructure providing multisource data and services connected to each of the major components of the Earth system to the scientific community, and to public and socio-economic stakeholders. Its goal is to better predict how the Earth system is likely to evolve in response to global changes. It encompasses five data and services hubs: AERIS, ODATIS, FormaTerre, PNDB and Theia, covering all domains of Earth system research, as well as the DINAMIS satellite imagery portal.

Its missions are to:

• Offer open and harmonized access to a broad palette of data from satellites, in-situ instruments and numerical models
• Develop tools and services to foster data uptake and analysis
• Promote multidisciplinary Earth system research

AERIS (part of Data Terra) collects, validates and homogenizes atmospheric data from field surveys, long-term observation sites and Earth-observation satellites for research and commercial activities. This hub coordinates four centres, measuring systems, research laboratories and scientific expertise to distribute and store these data. AERIS encompasses four atmospheric data centres (ESPRI, ICARE, SEDOO and SATMOS).

The goal of FormaTerre (part of Data Terra) is to foster uptake of solid Earth data and contribute to the development of new products and services that add value to available satellite and in-situ data. It is an established player in the national and European arenas, working closely with infrastructures already in place or in development.

The PNDB national biodiversity data hub is part of Data Terra. Its goal is to foster uptake of observation, collection and experimentation data by scientific communities and enable networking of biodiversity research observatories from a data perspective. Its chief missions are to:

• Collect and record biodiversity data from a range of sources
• Develop and implement tools and services to foster uptake of data
• Promote use of data for biodiversity research, management and conservation

ODATIS (Observation des Données d'Appui à la Recherche en Science de l'Information et des Technologies). This Data Terra hub aims to foster uptake of ocean-observation data (in-situ, satellite and radar measurements), biology data (plankton, fish, etc.) and geophysical data (bathymetry, gravity, etc.) for the scientific community and environmental managers.

ODATIS has a searchable online data catalogue, data visualization tools, data processing and analytics services, and user training and support.

Theia (part of Data Terra) aims to develop and foster uptake of all in-situ or satellite data on land surfaces by the scientific and academic communities and public stakeholders. It also supports the development of value-added products while leading and federating stakeholders working to monitor and manage the environment. Theia also helps to train these communities.

DINAMIS (Dispositif Institutionnel National d'Accès Mutualisé en Imagerie Satellitaire) is a cross-cutting component of the Data Terra research infrastructure and a key tool for public stakeholders and scientists in France looking to use satellite imagery in their work. Its main aims are to:

• Offer access to high- and very-high-resolution satellite imagery to French public stakeholders and scientists
• Foster acquisition of Earth-observation data for a broad spectrum of applications

GEODES is a satellite Earth-observation data and services platform of CNES and Copernicus. It is part of the federation of services being developed for the Gaia Data project—led by the French research agency ANR and the PIA future investment programme—with the hubs and cross-cutting components of the Data Terra research infrastructure. This platform replaces the PEPS Sentinel product exploitation platform, which enabled users to rapidly search, select and download data from the SAR on Sentinel-1A, and high-resolution data from the optical imaging instrument on Sentinel-2A.