Human spaceflight today finds itself at the crossroads. In engineering terms, the ISS has almost reached the end of the road, so it is only logical that we should now be looking at how to continue microgravity science and experiments in low Earth orbit when that day comes. In the current complex geopolitical climate, the announcements made at the International Space Summit envision a path for Europe in the shape of a cargo return service vehicle, a crewed capsule and launches from Kourou.